Ringback Tones for iPhone

While most of you are aware of how to get ringtones for the Apple iPhone from the Apple store, there seems to be substantial confusion regarding how to get ringback tones for iPhone. Also, new users of cell phones get confused about how are ringback tones different from ringtones. This article is intended to clear out the confusion if any and provide simple guidelines on how to get hold of ringback tones for your Apple iPhone.With smart phones like Apple iPhone on the market, the difference between a cell phone, an MP3 player, PDAs and hand held computers is getting blurred. These are more than just phones. People can listen to music, watch videos, surf the web and do much more. With the recent Apple iPhone apps released, the versatility of the device has been taken to a new level. Music sharing was never so easier. With ringtones and ringback tones, you can listen and let others listen to your favorite music. 
About Ringback Tones
In case any of you are not sure what ringback tones or answer tones are, let me explain that, before I talk about ringback tones for iPhone. When you get a call, the tune that you listen to is the ringtone. Gone are the days of digital tones and the monotonous 'tring' tone, that was standard for every phone. Now you can set polyphonic ringtones and even your own recorded song or voice as a ringtone. A ringback tone is what your callers hear when they are waiting for you to pick up a connected call. This ringback tone can be set to be any tune of your choice. Your callers are entertained while you take that call.
There is one important difference between getting ringtones for iPhone and ringback tones for the same. While ringtones can be set by you on your own, on the phone, ringback tones can't be. They need to be set up by the wireless telephone company that you are subscribed to. It is because the ringback tone is played by the service provider for the callers and it doesn't play from your own phone. Same is the case with your Apple iPhone. While it is easy to set up ringtones for iPhone, if you want to set up ringback tones, you must buy the tone from the company. In case of iPhone, you will have to find out how to set up ringback tones for AT&T, Verizon and Sprint, as they are the only service providers which offer the locked iPhone at subsidized rates. Refer information presented in the following lines, according to the carrier you are subscribed to.

How to Create a New Circle in Google+

For all those who are new to the concept of Google+, allow me to explain that Google+ is Google's new social networking tool. However, currently they seem to be trying it with a small number of people to check the reviews and its working, but they are pretty confident that it won't be long before it is ready for everyone. One of the unique features of this tool is to create a group of friends via circles. Circles enable us to follow the people existing in that particular circle, just like in twitter. These are specially created to help you organize everyone, according to the real-life social connections. For example, you have a family circle for family members exclusively, and likewise for work friends, close friends, acquaintances and so on. All this just makes it easier to share relevant content with the right kind of people. For example, if you are throwing a party for your office colleagues; show it only to office friends circle. This is not it, you can also customize your personal information for every circle. So, if you do not want a certain set of friends to know about your relationship status, location, or any other details, you might as well exclude those details from that particular circle. Having talked so much about these circles you must be wondering, "how to create a new circle in Google+ and add a new person". I have listed down one of the most easiest and preferred way to create circles in Google+. Scroll down...
Creating a New Circle in Google+ 
•     Step #1
To begin with, login to your Google plus account with your user id and password. You will have your Google+ account open in front of you. Now, go to the tool bar at the top of your page and click on the circles icon. This will open the circles page in a new tab.
•     Step #2
By default there are 4 circles created by Google+, which include Friends, Family, Acquaintances, and Following. Apart from these default circles, if you wish to create some new ones, here is what you have to do. Select the people you want to add to the group. You can either select one person by clicking on the name title or multiple titles using your cursor. You can put the same person into as many circles as you like. For example, if you want your cousin to be in your family as well as your friends circle you are welcome to do so.
•     Step #3
Once you are ready with a friend or list of friends, drag and drop them in a blank circle, which would read "drop here to create new circle." You will find this icon at the bottom of your screen. When you are done with the above, the circle will display the number of people you've added in the circle. If in case you happen to add a person twice or if you have added someone to the circle already, they wouldn't get added twice. So, you don't worry.
•     Step #4
When you finish with adding all the friends, the text on the circle will change to "create circle." Click it. You will have an empty box pop up, asking you to name the circle. Type in the name of your circle and click "create circle with x people." you can always add more fiends to this actual circle, which appears in your profile now. You can also rename your circle, whenever you want. For that you need to click on "rename" next to the name of the circle, edit it and click save.
•     Step #5
If you have done everything properly, the newly created circle should appear near the four default circles in your profile. In case you want to get a person out of your circle; click on that particular circle to which the person belongs, select the one you would like to remove and click remove. Done! To delete an entire circle, you select that specific circle, click "delete this circle" at the end of the pop up box and you are done. Remember, once you delete a circle, you cannot recover it back in any case.

How Does a Water Jet Cutter Work?

Water jet cutters may be still alien to many of us. To me it wasn't known until a few weeks ago, when a telly series on cutting metal and other substances amazed me. Along with high-end cutting machines with razor-sharp cutting technologies, it surprised me when they showed something as liquid as water being used to cut the hardest of substances. Now this is some technology and after this I truly believed in the capacities of engineering and the human mind. Using water pressure to cut substances, was roughly practiced during the mid 1800's. But the concrete concept of using water pressure as a cutting tool was discovered by Dr. Norman Franz, who was an engineer in forestry, in the year 1950. This was founded as an attempt to find new options to cut trees. He studied the technology of 'ultra high water pressure' (UHP) to be used as a cutting tool. Later to cut high-end solid substances, abrasives were added with the stream of water, which would let them cut even metals, with ease. With advancements today, the water jet cutter has been used in many sectors for cutting, drilling and milling. With water jet cutters being a revolutionary tool in the industrial sector, a little insight into its work mechanism will be interesting.

Salt Crystals - Recipe

Minerals are formed of tiny particles known as atoms. These atoms in most minerals have recurring pattern and follow a three-dimensional pattern. Due to this, a mineral has the ability to form in to a normal crystal with flat sides. Certain crystals have the ability to develop into cubes, while others develop into crystals with more than two sides. The latter is known as a prism.
Crystals can be easily grown at home using basic ingredients. Salt, sugar and alum crystals are often made at home. The basics for all of these materials remains same, where in you need to let the chemical dissolve in water and let the water evaporate or cool the solution which will automatically crystallize the substance. Before learning how to grow salt crystals using salt crystal recipes, let us look at some more information on salt crystals.

Branches of Science

Science is referred to as a system of objective knowledge obtained through deep researches done by the human being. Science is applied in every field and every aspect of life. With the help of scientific inventions and techniques, we have got all the latest facilities and high living standards. It's the science, with the help of which human being has reached beyond the space and stepped on the Moon and sent a spacecraft to Mars. There are a number of branches of science, out of which earth science, physical science and life science are the major branches. These three are considered as pure sciences. Other branches of science such as engineering, technology are associated with the practical application of result of scientific activity.
The physical science is associated with the nature and behavior of energy and matter. Physics includes the study of time, light and gravity. Chemistry deals with the properties, composition, structure and reactions of the matter. Astronomy involves the study of the universe beyond the earth. The earth science that involves the study of structure and composition of the earth includes different branches such as geology, oceanography, meteorology, paleontology, etc. Life science is also known as biology, which deals with the study of evolution, development, distribution, structure, origin and function of the living things. It is categorized into different branches such as botany, genetics, zoology, medicine, etc.

Importance of Science and Technology

Before understanding the importance of science and technology, it is important for us to understand that science and technology are closely associated with our lives. They are closely linked aspects of society and the studies and developments in both of science and technology are essential for the overall progress of society. Why is technology so important? How does scientific development affect society? Let us find out.
Scientific research comprises a wide variety of fields ranging from the study of different branches of science to relatively advanced fields like space exploration, human genetics and cloning. Scientific study attempts to explore and understand the working of the physical world. It tries to analyze the occurrences in nature and gain knowledge about nature through experimentation. As scientific research aims at gaining knowledge of the complexities of nature, it is important for the progress of mankind. The seemingly impossible feats have been made possible, thanks to the scientific research.Natural sciences deal with the study of nature and human life. The studies of natural and artificial sciences reveal the relationship between nature and human life. Research in science has paved a path to many brilliant inventions and discoveries.When it comes to science and technology, we cannot forget the automobile and the transport industries that have grown tremendously on account of the developments in science and engineering. Technological advancements have driven the developments in the different modes of transport. Bicycles have transformed into scooters and sport bikes. Four and six wheeled vehicles have started running on the roads, thanks to the advancing technology. The developments in air transport have winged the common man to soar high!

Why is Technology So Important Today

Have you asked yourself why technology is so important today? Just take a look around you and you will know why. Literally, at every instant of time, you are surrounded by technology. Whether you are working or resting, you are always using technology. The importance of technology, in fact lies in its omnipresence and widespread use.
Why is Technology So Important Today?
Considering the pace at which technology is advancing, it has become necessary to understand the importance of technology so that we can keep up with the racing time. Technology has become important in the fast life of today. It is technology, which has sped up our lives; it is technology, which has brought distant locations closer and made the world a smaller place to live.
After the discovery of electricity, technology was employed to bring electricity to households in every corner of the world. The world could light up in the dark, thanks to the effective generation and distribution of electricity. The application of technology led to the use of renewable energy resources for the production of electricity. Hydropower, solar energy, wind energy and other natural sources of energy started being used.

How to Become a Ball Boy/Girl in Tennis

Tennis is an amazing sport. You need great skill to be on the court in a Grand Slam. Not all of us have the expertise of a professional tennis player, but most of us dream to be a part of the action on the court, in a major event. Even if you lack the skills of a pro, you can make your dream come true by becoming a ball boy/girl. When you become a ball person you have the opportunity to be involved in a tennis match, you will be able to interact with the legends of the game, and if you observe keenly, you might also learn a few tricks to win a match.
How to Become a Ball Boy/Girl?
  I have divided this section into 2 parts. The first part will tell you what you should have to become a good ball person, and the second part will tell you what you should do to become a ball boy/girl.
Essentials to Become a Ball Boy/Girl
Becoming a ball person is easy, if you have the following:
Love for the Game
If you do not love tennis, then you might get bored with your work after a few matches. You are not going to earn much, so when your job schedule turns out to be tiring, the only thing that will motivate you will be your love for the game of tennis. To become a successful ball boy/girl you should have a strong liking for the game, without it all your efforts to become a ball person are futile.

Dangers of Technology Addiction

The subject of technology addiction is relatively new as compared to drug or gambling addictions. This leads to a heated dispute over whether we need to consider the fervent need for technology and the monotony that the lack of technology causes, as an addiction. There are several qualifications that a craving needs to be termed as an addiction.
What Makes an Addiction?
The human state survival works on a simple reward system. Every time you attain a biological requirement like food, sex or lactation, the body releases a neurotransmitter called 'dopamine' (in this case, into the brain) that helps us decide the approach to something to be rewarded. This means the phase of wanting something and getting it, and the eventual liking of it is controlled by dopamine. It is this that fuels an addiction. Once you start using a piece of technology (like video games) and eventually start to like it, release of dopamine in the brain creates a reward system for it, which creates an addiction for it. The same example works for cigarettes - nicotine induces a dopamine release, creating the craving for more. An important point here is that people who seek more satisfaction from things, actually are seeking more in terms of dopamine release, and therefore require a larger release of the neurotransmitter, which in turn requires you to pursue that thing even more.

How Does a Rotary Phase Converter Work

A rotary phase converter may be defined as a device that helps an instrument or a technical equipment to run on a single-phase power. This device can be used to run original three phase equipment on a single phase power. To explain the dynamics of the same, a rotary phase converter produces a three-phase power from a single-phase power source. Thus, what the rotary phase converter does is to add a third source of power to the existing two power sources so that a three-phase power supply is generated.
Why You Must Use a Rotary Phase Converter
Rotary phase converters use a three-phase source of power with a power check correction factor, making the rotary-phase converter a safe and secure bet in providing energy. A rotary phase converter is made effective through equipping it with an efficient kick start capacity. The rotary phase converter can be employed at locations that do not have 3 phase service provided in the area. Electric companies may provide a 3-phase service, however the charges may not prove to be cost effective. The average cost may range anywhere between $30,000 to $90,000 to cover 1 mile with costs for internal wiring distribution costs. A rotary phase converter can thus, be considered an economical avenue as it does not require a 3-phase service set up to be installed. A single phase circuit installation is all that is required. It is very important that you consider the longevity factor before you purchase the rotary phase converter which provides for efficient start-up capabilities. It must also be equipped well to convert the single-phase power to three phase power sources. Before you decide on a rotary converter, check if the rotary phase converter is providing equal and well balanced power. If, however the power distribution is not even the equipment can sustain damage while working.
Types of Phase Converters
There are various types of phase converters. Digital phase converters and static phase converters are the other two types of converters apart from the rotary phase converter. The phase converters are suitable for various purposes. Static phase converters are used to give an efficient start up current to an engine whereas, rotary phase converters are employed to change single phase power to three phase power. This is not meant to deliver start up power to engines but is used in regulating large machinery. In this section we concentrate on the working of the rotary phase converter.

Types of Cell Division

Before we get to the part about the phenomenon or types of cell division, let's take a closer look at the two basic types of organic cellular structures that exist in this world as we know it. A cell can be either prokaryotic or eukaryotic, based upon its structural makeup. Prokaryotic cells have a simple, very basic structure as they neither have cell nuclei nor are they equipped with cellular organelles enclosed within membranes. In other words, all genetic matter and other areas partaking in various cellular functions and metabolic activities exist in free states within the cellular boundaries. Eukaryotic cells, on the other hand, are the more evolved, hi-tech counterparts of prokaryotic cells. They have all things that prokaryotic cells lack - cell nuclei holding all the genetic matter of the cells inside them, separate membrane bound organelles that have exclusive and specific tasks assigned to them (such as mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, chloroplasts, etc.), etc.
As you must have guessed by now, the more complex an organism is in terms of its physical structure and physiological functions, the more it is likely to have a eukaryotic cellular structure. This fact is evidenced by the fact the simplest of all life forms such as bacteria and archaea belong to the prokaryotic domain of biological classification. Now that the particulars of the two basic cellular structures have been discussed, let's move ahead to the next segment and take a look at what the various different types of cell division are.

How to Replace an ABS Wheel Speed Sensor

The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is one of the most significant parts in the safety package of an automobile. The main job of this technology is to prevent wheel lockup, at a time when momentary wheel rotation is actually needed for proper braking on slippery surfaces. The system functions using several components, out of which wheel speed sensors are one of the most prominent. It is the sensors that keep an eye on the speed of wheels and aid in releasing brake pressure during hard braking. The wheel speed is detected from the toothed wheel by the magnetic sensors, and sent to the ABS computer for brake and release action. If the ABS speed sensor goes bad, the braking will be a kind of irregular and abrupt when braking on low speeds. If you are considering this replacement as a DIY task, wear proper protective gear such as safety eye wear and gloves. Below is an explanation of how to replace an ABS wheel speed sensor.

Steps on How to Replace an ABS Wheel Speed Sensor
Since the sensors use battery power to function, replacing them firstly needs the battery connection to be disconnected. This can be done by disconnecting the negative terminal on the battery under the hood. Place wooden blocks or flat stones in front of every wheel to keep the car stable when doing this repair. In addition, also activate the parking brake. Lift the car using jacks and safety stands on the axle.As the ABS sensors are located behind the wheel assembly, you need to take out the wheel. Use a wrench and turn it counterclockwise on the lug nuts to remove the wheel off the hub. You might need to give a jerk to take the wheel off the assembly. The sensor would be a small black assembly on the hub. If you have just got the sensor changed and are experiencing ABS brake problems, a good idea is to clean the sensor. Clean the oil on the sensor and connectors with a cloth, fix the assembly correctly, and then see if the issue is resolved.
If you are sure about replacing ABS wheel speed sensor, you then need to take out the sensor's cable from the harness connector. The sensor would be joined to the hub by a small bolt which has to be removed. Ensure that you have the same sensor model like the old one to retain proper functioning of ABS. Take the new sensor and fix it on the appropriate place, by tightening the bolt on the assembly. Plug in the harness connector in the respective space on the new sensor.Make sure that there is no visible gap between the toothed wheel and sensor tip. However, the system works fine with a maximum of 0.04 inch gap between these two points. Reinstall the wheel assembly and tighten the nuts securely. Take the car off the jack stands slowly to rest on the ground. Do not forget to connect the negative terminal back on the battery, without which the ABS sensors won't work. During the replacement, you can even think about replacing the sensor cable as well. The total cost of the DIY project might come to around $50, just for the price of a new sensor and cable.Many a times, a simple cleanup of the sensor setup is more than enough to resolve ABS problems. For effective functioning of the system, do a periodical cleanup of the sensors on all wheels. The procedure for replacing ABS sensors on both front and rear axles is much the same as described in the above article. If you are not at all sure about the replacement, it is suggested to take professional help from an authorized service tech.

How to Make Algae Biofuel

The best way to go about understanding a how is to first get a good understanding of the what involved - that's one principle that I believe in and live by! Hence, before proceeding towards understanding how to make algae biofuel, let's take a closer look at what algae biofuel is all about. As the name suggests, this type of fuel is derived from algae and the method most commonly used is breaking down the alga's carbohydrate content via fermentation. This fermentation would result into biologically produced forms of the alcohols ethanol and butanol. Although it is gaining a lot of popularity these days as a potential alternative for traditional fossil fuels, this is so merely due to the fact that the doubled-edged sword of rapid depletion of traditional resources and ever increasing fossil fuel prices is hanging over the head of human civilization by a precariously thin thread.Other than that, algal fuel doesn't offer us much novelty value in terms of low polluting potential. You see, burning algal biofuel releases equally large amounts of carbon dioxide into the air as burning coal or petroleum based fuels do, as algae, being plant forms, need atmospheric carbon dioxide for photosynthesis. When you make fuel out of algae and burn it, this locked up carbon dioxide gets released into the atmosphere, undoing what algae did during its lifetime as a botanical life form. That being said, let's proceed towards finding out all about the algae biofuel extraction process.

Things We Can Do To Stop Global Warming

Global warming is caused due to the rising levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere that embraces the radiated heat and stores it, increasing the overall global temperatures to dangerous levels. The rising temperatures have caused the glaciers to melt, thus causing an increase in the sea level. Unpredictable weather and a strange change in climate patterns are also some of the effects of global warming. In fact, according to a recent study, over the past three decades our planet is said to be shrinking at a faster rate. Extreme climatic conditions like drought in some parts of the world while heavy rains in some others and record heat waves in most of the parts have send an alarming message to stop global warming. It is not that we are not trying to curb global warming; the governments of various countries and the UN (United Nations) have already started with their efforts to address the problem of global warming. They are doing their bit, and its time for us to address this sensitive problem on a personal level. Given below are a few things we can do to stop global warming.

Plant Mitosis Vs. Animal Mitosis

Microscopic cells are a vital component of all living organisms and each living body, whether plant or animal, is made up of several such cells which contribute towards carrying out basic life functions. In order to sustain life these cells need to reproduce from time to time, so as to keep their numbers constant. Over time, cells suffer from wear and tear and old age, and eventually stop functioning, so it is extremely essential for these cells to be present in large numbers and in a healthy state in order to sustain life.Cell division is something that has fascinated scientists for many years now, and the ability of these cells to create perfectly identical copies of themselves is truly something to be marveled at. Irrespective of all the wonders of technology around us, the fact remains that something as simple as cell division is a truly magical process. This cell division is what is known as Mitosis, and this is what keeps living organisms alive. Needless to say, the process of mitosis in plants and animals is very different, and this is why one needs to understand the complete difference between plant mitosis vs. animal mitosis.

What is Mitosis
The cells inside plants and animals are known as Eukaryotes, and these are cells that are embedded and housed inside membranes. The most important membrane of this cell is the nucleus, and this is what distinguishes eukaryotes from prokaryotes, and the nucleus is also the component that enables cell division and mitosis. Mitosis is nothing but the division of one single cell into two genetically identical cells, and this is carried out for the sole purpose of continuing life. Mitosis is immediately followed by a process known as Cytokinesis, and both these processes together define the Mitotic Phase of the cell cycle in a living body. The various stages of mitosis are as follows.

    * Interphase: Though this phase is not really a part of mitosis, it generally precedes the whole process of cell reproduction. It does so by preparing the cell for division and also provides it with all the necessary nutrients and proteins.
    * Preprophase: This phase occurs only in plant cells, and it involves the creation of a bisecting line along the center of the cell, and this line shows where the cell will divide. This bisecting line is known as Phragmosome and it is made of cytoplasm.
    * Prophase: In this phase the chromatin (which is the combination of the proteins and DNA of the nucleus) gets divided into two chromosomes which are still attached to each other, and each of these chromosomes start moving to opposite sides of the cell.
    * Prometaphase: This phase precedes metaphase, and in this case the nucleus fragments start breaking and moving towards the chromosomes. The microtubules of the cell also slowly start attaching themselves to the chromosomes and this is a sign that the cell division has truly begun.
    * Metaphase: The microtubules now get attached to the kinetochores on the chromosomes, and they start moving to opposite sides with renewed speed. The alignment between the chromosomes is equal, and the DNA distribution is exactly identical as well.
    * Anaphase: In this phase the chromosomes get cleaved right through the center and they move completely to different sides of the cell. Many stages of elongation and bisection are carried out here for the chromosomes to be divided.
    * Telophase: The last step of mitosis involves the actual splitting up of the chromosomes into two distinct parts, and the cleaning up and the strengthening of the membrane also occurs here. Upon the completion of this stage, the process of mitosis is completed, and the process of cytokinesis then begins.

Pros and Cons of Vegetable Oil as Fuel

As the issue of depletion of non-renewable sources is gaining momentum, researchers have started looking for other alternatives. There is a huge strain on gulf countries to produce oil in adequate quantities to satisfy the need of various countries of the world. Environmental concerns have also played an important part in establishing the need to look at other sources of energy, which are relatively less dangerous for the environmental health. Vegetable oil has emerged as strong contenders as an alternative fuel, however their use in commercial vehicles is still at an early stage.Vegetable oil can be used as an automobile fuel as there is a lot of waste that comes out from cooking and other agricultural products. Vegetable oils that are used as a fuel come under two categories - Straight Vegetable Oils (SVO) and Waste Vegetable Oils (WVO). As the name suggests, SVO is the oil that is available in the grocery stores and this oil can work in diesel engines after making some necessary modifications to the engine. WVO on the other hand, is the oil that has been used for cooking. The global food industry produces WVO in huge amounts, which when purified can be used as a fuel. There are numerous advantages of using vegetable oil as a fuel but there are some challenges involved before it can be used in automobiles on a large scale. Let us take a look at the pros and cons of vegetable oil as fuel.

Earth's Crust Facts

Most of us know that the interior of the Earth is made up of four different layers; the crust, mantle, inner core and the outer core. You may also come across some sources which stress on the fact that the Earth's interior is made up of three layers; the crust, mantle and the core. (These sources further divide core into outer core and inner core.) Few of us are also well-versed with the fact that three of the four main layers of the Earth are in solid state, while the fourth one is in liquid state. Beyond this, however, our knowledge about the Earth's interior hits a roadblock; and this loophole is exposed when we try to get to the details of the subject. The crust, i.e. the outermost layer of the planet, happens to be one such less known attribute of our planet, and we will be stressing on the same from here on.
Interesting Facts about the Earth's Crust
In geological studies, the term 'crust' refers to the outermost layer of the planet or other celestial bodies such as natural satellites. In case of the Earth, it is the layer on which we live, typically characterized by the presence of gelogical landforms such as mountains, plateaus, seabed, etc. The Earth's crust is made of three types of rocks; igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks and metamorphic rocks. It is the thinnest layer of the Earth, and typically forms mere 1 percent of the total volume of the planet. As you go through more of such Earth's crust facts given below, you will come across some of the most amazing attributes of our planet that you must have never heard before.
* In a broad sense, the Earth's crust is divided into two types - continental crust, which forms continents and continental shelves, and oceanic crust, which forms the surface of the oceans basins on the planet. While the continental crust is made up of felsic rocks or sial (rich in silicon and aluminum), oceanic crust is made up of mafic rocks or sima (rich in iron and magnesium).
    * In terms of volume, the continental crust-oceanic crust ratio stands at 70:30, with the former constituting for 70 percent of the crust. The thickness of the Earth's crust varies from one region to another; with the thickness of continental crust ranging between 20-30 miles, and oceanic crust ranging between 3-6 miles on an average, and that explains the 70:30 ratio between the two.
    * In regions like the Himalayas in the Indian-subcontinent and Andes in South America, the thickness of this layer exceeds 20 miles; and this can be attributed to crustal thickening as a result of igneous activity and tectonic over-thrusting during collision.
    * As in case of the crust of planets like Mercury, Venus or Mars, or that of the Moon, even the Earth's crust is formed as a result of igneous processes, and that explains why it is richer in incompatible elements as compared to mantle.
    * As we go deeper inside the crust, the temperatures begin to increase; and typically reach somewhere between 392°F and 752°F at its boundary with the mantle. The temperature rise is recorded to be somewhere around 50°F for every km in the upper crust; and from thereon the geothermal gradient becomes even steeper.
    * The outer crust of the Earth is broken up into regions known as tectonic plates. The movement of these plates, which float on top of molten rock in the interior of the Earth, tends to trigger earthquakes and form mountains on the planet.
    * The Earth's crust displacement theory, which highlights polar shift and states that a catastrophic shift of the Earth’s lithosphere in somewhere around 10,000 BC., triggered the formation of Antarctica, was put forth by Charles Hapgood.
    * Interestingly, the crust happens to be the only layer of the Earth's interior which can be studied by drilling. Earth's core and mantle, on the other hand, are mapped by studying the behavior of seismic waves beneath the surface of the Earth.
    * The deepest hole ever drilled in the Earth's crust, or the deepest artificial point on Earth, happens to be Kola Superdeep Borehole (KSDB-3) in the Kola Peninsula, in Russia, with a depth of 12,262 metres (40,230 ft).
    * Even though the crust doesn't quite have direct influence on the lifeforms, it indirectly means a lot to all the species on the planet as several natural resources come from it. At the same time, the movement of crust is also known to play a crucial role in determining the topography of the planet.

How to Update Android OS

Quick, which is the most popular operating system for mobiles and tablet PC's? Even a five year old will answer this easy-peasy question, it's the Android OS, represented by the little green alien looking thingi. The Android OS entered the mobile OS sphere and things have never been the same. And the Android OS platform just keeps getting better and better, with bugs and errors being fixed and lots of user-friendly features being added with every new release. The current and latest version is the Android 2.3 or Gingerbread but everyone is looking out for the new 2011 Android update, Ice Cream Sandwich. So, whether you are stuck in the caveman era with an Android version of 2.1 on your phone or gearing up for the Ice Cream Sandwich, below is an easy "how to update Android OS" explanation to make the process of upgrading, a piece of cake (or a piece of ice cream sandwich)

How to Fix a Frozen iPhone

Apple iPhone 4 is one of the most sophisticated gadgets ever launched. With a 1 GB A4 processor, 512 MB of eDRAM, 3.5 inch touchscreen display, 5 MP camera, 3G and WiFi connectivity, it's the best Apple device launched so far. What more could you ask for? It actually lives up to its slogan of 'This changes everything. Again.' It really does. Despite of all these features, at times the Apple iPhone 4 may freeze, when too many applications are opened at the same time. This is a problem that plagues the most powerful of laptop computers and iPhone is just a smart phone. However, even if your iPhone freezes, there is no reason to panic. It can be easily restored back to functionality. In this Buzzle article, I show you how to fix a frozen iPhone and bring it back to working condition, within a few seconds.
How to Fix a Frozen iPhone 4?
There are many reasons why the iPhone may hang up and stop responding to any actions on the touchscreen. The most likely reason for this problem is the opening up of too many applications at the same time. This tends to happen occasionally when you are parallel processing several applications at the same time. Here are four ways in which you can unfreeze the iPhone to normal working condition, within a few moments.

How to Watch Live TV on iPhone

One of the reasons why Apple iPhone is the preferred smart phone for most is its versatility. It's not only an incredible phone, but also a great camera and a complete entertainment center to listen to your favorite music, watch movies and play games. Besides this, it also provides the facility to surf the web through a 3G or WiFi connection. Now you can add one more feature to this list, which is live streaming TV! There is no need to switch on your PC or your TV to catch up with your favorite TV shows, if you have an Apple iPhone. In this Buzzle article, I show you how to watch live TV on iPhone and watch your favorites shows on the go.
How to Watch Live TV on Apple iPhone?
The seamless connectivity offered by WiFi technology and Internet, combined with the facility of inter-convertibility among various video formats, has actually made it possible to transmit live TV on mobile phones and other portable devices. There are several ways in which you can catch live TV action on your Apple iPhone and you will find them listed below.
Buy Channel Specific Apps
One of the easiest ways of watching live action on your iPhone is by purchasing and installing channel specific apps. These apps provide you with live broadcast of TV channels by streaming content over the Internet. One example of such an application is Sky Mobile TV, which lets you catch live action from all of the Sky sports channels for a fixed monthly subscription.The TV.com application, launched by CBS Interactive on App Store, lets you watch shows from CNET TV, CBS and other channels of the network absolutely free on your iPhone. You can find such iPhone apps to watch shows from most of the major TV networks. All you have to do is buy them using your iTunes account, install them and start receiving all television broadcasts through your WiFi or 3G Internet connection.